by Horace Carby-Samuels

Surely, life is not all about chasing after and securing more money. However, the promoters of the capitalist doctrine have been able to condition people to hold the view that chasing after money is the direction in which they should proceed in order to be successful as they go about their lives. As a result, our survival as humans is under threat. Sufficient attention or management emphasis, is not being placed on fostering how the quality-of-living, or the quality of human survival can be enhanced.

Our capitalist conditioning into a primary focus on financial results, has also led us to pay insufficient attention to our human heritage. For example, under the influence of the biological programming that has been built into our genes, and that leads us to function as sentient entities, there is the latent guidance for us when we select where and how we will commit our time, our efforts, and our resources. It prompts us to aim at delivering to ourselves (and also to our heirs), enhancement in our quality-of-living.

However, the promoters of the capitalist doctrine, aim to distract us from activating our latent biological programming. They have persuaded us that the proper “scientific focus” requires that we must guide how we allocate and manage our time and resources by what financial data show. Thereby, the promoters of capitalist doctrine are aiming to distract us from entering into activities that will foster our ability to achieve enhancement of our long term survival,

To fight against this capitalist plan of blocking our human evolution (and then eventually destroying us), we need to bear in mind that, in their biological programming as sentient entities, humans carry a distinctive latent motivational subroutine. It leads us to orient how we give expression to ourselves. It also prompts us to foster elements of community, (on the basis of mutuality and empathy). In addition, it prompts us to set out to secure results that will lead to enhancement in our quality-of-living; and also to Human Development, (with its accompanying linkage to enhancement of our Consciousness).

We must therefore commit ourselves to not allowing the promoters of the capitalist doctrine to lead us into dwelling on a money-centred focus on our reality, and on how we cope with it.

Our attention to the details of our environment is being distracted by our focus on how money value may be linked to the parts of our reality, and to what we do. Our willingness to make the effort and to take the time to understand our natural environment, is therefore being overwhelmed by the promoting of an emphasis on how “persons” can acquire money through trade. Thereby, the promoters of the capitalist doctrine have given themselves free rein. They then use their influence on the educational system, and on governments, to support their aim to prevent and to discourage humans from executing mutuality and community development. These promoters of the capitalist doctrine are thereby engineering how humans can be wiped off the face of planet earth.

However, it is necessary that we remind ourselves that, an economy merely portrays HOW effectively we are going about the management of our time and also the mixes of resources that we encounter, in our efforts to achieve goals that we prefer.

The targets which we are pursuing, will depend on the commitment to Human Development that we have. Therefore, we need to also to begin to see that the preferred goals that we seek are: Achievement of meaningfulness in our lives; and access to opportunities for Human Development.

However, in order to achieve those goals, we need to draw on new ways of measuring what we have achieved (or are likely to achieve) from how we have allocated our time-for-living, and our other available resources as well.

Background to Program Formation

There is an alternative focus (to the financial one), that may be used to select the features to which resources should be committed, in programs of aggregate economic development.

Information about the basis of such an alternative focus, has been with us for over two hundred years. However, the emphasis of the promoters of the capitalist doctrine, on the use of net financial gain to measure what has been achieved from our efforts, has been successful in suppressing our built in disposition to use living-centred values, to measure the mix of results from our choices of effort commitment.

For example, our society has given a capitalist-construed interpretation to the dual arms of the “intellectual scissors” that Adam Smith (1759 ,1778) used to frame in living-centred terms, how humans approached the expected future that would flow from their time and effort commitments.

We must therefore bear in mind that Smith used the1759 publication of his Theory of Moral Sentiments, to emphasize the existential values, that orient the living-centred time and resource management choices that humans make. However, capitalist economists have essentially and substantively ignored the living-centred economic thrust of that focus which Adam Smith had used. Instead, they have largely characterized that particular presentation by Adam Smith, as being the musings of a cleric.

In contrast, the promoters (and “educators”) who use capitalist doctrine to guide how human allocate their effort management to secure a future, looked extremely favourably on Smith’s presentation in his Enquiry into the Nature and the Causes of The Wealth of Nations. There, Smith emphasized the market gain features that were behind the production and trade practices, on which the peoples of nations drew, in their competition to accumulate wealth. Since that financial gain focus in how we plan for a future is what capitalists emphasize, the promoters of this doctrine adopted Smith (1778), as well as his emphasis there, as providing the (English language) tablets of their ideological “bible”.

In this matter of aiming to grasp or to execute a future, tere is also more explicit long standing living-centred focus on the time-use management priorities that humans exercise. It was presented as long as one hundred and twenty years ago, by the English neo-classical economist, Alfred Marshall (1890); Principles of Economics, (London, Macmillan Book Company).

Marshall, pointed to the presence of a living-centred time-use management context on which normal humans draw as they use their patterns of time-use commitment as inputs, into the type of future which they want to inherit. He stressed that when normal humans decide whether or not they should change their jobs/employment, they made their decisions on the basis of their estimates, about how their real income would be affected.

In that naming of a different income flow, as the yield that persons secure from their efforts, Alfred Marshall drew attention to a critical piece of enlightenment. He was essentially pointing to the latent (universal) presence of a real economy , that embraces the survival-centred intent of persons to use their time-for-living to access a future where they can participate with reality in a meaningful way.

Furthermore, Alfred Marshall was also imputing that, this background presence of the real economy, in which persons link their choices of activities, to the future in which they aim to exist, comprises a feature about which Conscious living-centred human beings are intuitively aware.

Yet, notwithstanding this living-centred effort management focus that Marshall brought to this recognition of the presence of an associated real economy (to which persons deferred when they make plans for survival, supporters of the capitalist doctrine set out to torpedo this non cash-centred focus. Instead, in their intent to keep people single-mindedly focused on financial-centred results, the promoters of the capitalist doctrine (such as the late Milton Friedman), have stated that the real income about which Marshall was speaking, is nothing more than the money income of persons (which has been mathematically adjusted via a price index, which accommodates for changes in prevailing levels of price inflation).

To construct a living-centred focus to the future that we plan to inherit, there are also more oblique as well as more direct references, that point to the substantive importance that resides in the opportunity that humans have to allocate their time for living in ways/patterns that will make their survival meaningful.

The oblique guidance to the focus that must be brought in order to make time use in the future compatible with the achievement of a higher quality-of-living, is found in the seminal research by John Lamb Lash (2006): Not In His Image; (White River Junction, Vermont , Chelsea Green Publishing). There, he reports on the activities and experience of the ancient Gnostic scholars and initiates; on their warnings to humanity; and on the circumstances which led to their being decimated by early imperial Christianity.

The oblique time-use reference (as far as economic analysis is concerned), is his pointing out, how Gnostic practices essentially emphasized human selections of time-use commitments, as being essentially activities that formed the particular “road” of living; of that individual. That Gnostic emphasis on how the time for living that humans have must be utilized, makes human time-use a collection of material operations which contemporaneously comprise and structure an existential pathway on which respective humans are engaged.

However, in most of the prevailing human societies on planet earth, the ability of humans to execute this larger living-centred Consciousness-raising thrust to human time-use, (which the Gnostics were promoting, and which they were also emphasizing that humans should accommodate), is, also now currently under threat of being obliterated by capitalist operatives. The instrument which is being used to destroy that consciousness-linked elevated pattern of time-use by humans, is the success of capitalist doctrine operatives, in leading the members of human society to focus on accessible financial equivalent gain.

From the warnings about the potential for human survival that the Gnostics communicated, it is easy to conclude that the agents that are promoting capitalist doctrine and practice into human society, are instruments of an invading hostile predatory alien consciousness and its human masqueraders, (that the Gnostics were apparently able to detect)

The Gnostic message was that, this invading hostile, predatory, mechanically-centred, consciousness that is devoid of empathy, and that is able to masquerade in human form, uses that capability to link itself to, and thereby control the upper hierarchy of the operating features of human societies (such as organized religion, the military, and the social and political agencies).

That is why, to execute a future in which we are able to overcome the predatory assault on our survival (by these mechanically-centred agents of the hostile alien consciousness), there are definite steps that we must take. We as humans, need to enhance our knowledge of our natural environment, so that we can rekindle, rediscover and re-connect to our latent biological programming and to our sentience; (which prompts us to execute mutuality and empathy, to each other, and also to our natural environment).

A more recent and direct enhancement of the willingness of persons and societies to give due emphasis to making accessible time-use opportunities, a central focus in how a future pattern of survival is built, was provided by Horace Carby-Samuels (2007); Ouality-of-Living and Human Development as the Outcome from Economic Progress; (Ottawa, Canada, Agora Cosmopolitan, ISBN 189 703 6353). He stresses that these time-use selections of persons, are operations in their aim to secure higher quality-of-living and a more profound survival, rather than their being all about the financial acquisition and accumulation (that capitalist doctrine promotes).

Essentially, in the process of setting out what building a future requires, Carby-Samuels (2007) returned to the Marshallian living-centred emphasis on the real economy; to the Adam Smith emphasis on the living as being essentially an exercise in existential fulfilment over the time for living; and he also returned to the Gnostic emphasis, on human time-using, as revealing or as being choices, which respective persons exercise in the execution of human survival as an existential “road”.

Therefore, the Carby-Samuels presentation was a less capitalist-centred analytical context, than the emphasis on humans which the University of Chicago School of Economics has promoted (since the early 1960s), in which humans are construed as being no more than money-chasing implements (human capital). Instead, Carby-Samuels (2007) has focused on normal biological persons as being mind-guided human economic agents, who, in their choices of effort commitment, are also pursuing existential fulfilment.

Arguably, therefore, if the humans on planet earth aim to build a future which will accommodate their desire to enhance their quality-of-living and to have more meaningful lives, they need (individually and collectively), to take serious steps to begin to draw on and also to execute their abilities to function as Conscious, information-processing, mind-guided entities, that are also guided by their practices of empathy and mutuality.

If we do not take these steps, the prevailing predatory alien consciousness that is behind the promotion of the financial centred (rather than the human-centred) measuring focus of the capitalist doctrine, will continue to transform and to absorb humans, into being nothing but mentally-managed and enslaved material,, that is essentially existentially discardable.

As a result, if we want to secure a human-centred future where the emphasis is on enhancement of our quality-of-living, in contrast to the one into which we are now drifting, or into which we are now (essentially) being pushed by the promoters of the capitalist doctrine, we collectively have some serious work to do, .

For example, if we intend to enhance the quality-of-our-survival as humans, we need to begin initiate a lesser focus on fraternal exploitation, and to instead, initiate the requisite changes in our information about our environment and reality, toward fostering empathy, and mutuality, (with each other and also with our natural environment).

We also need to note that, in our prevailing (capitalist-sponsored and regulated) society, people are not being prepared to be adjuncts and complements to a human future. As a result, it is unlikely that any type of initiatives toward survival-centred changes (which will foster our continued human evolution), will spontaneously emerge or will be promoted by prevailing governments, that are essentially directly and indirectly capitalist-sponsored.

Instead, (à la) the human capital economic management emphasis on the education of individuals, (which was initiated and promoted by the University of Chicago school of economics), people are being prepared to be implements,. The ticket of persons to accessing opportunities or survival, is construed as the extent to which they will be, in direct or indirect service to trade and commerce, (and thence to the profit objectives of the corporations and the banks).

In the building of a future, Western societies are managed, so as to reinforce the capitalist “led service to profit” socialization subterfuge. In it, humans are mentally, into an enslavement, which conditions them to make choices as well as to rank selections of opportunities, by means of measurement in terms of financial equivalent results, that corporations and the banks need to use.

Besides using the promotion of capitalist doctrine as our mental enslavement device, the predatory alien consciousness which is behind the promotion of that doctrine, has also bamboozled and engineered humans, into a further system-wide mental and structural servitude. Under its mechanical-centred focus this hostile alien consciousness has led and has bamboozled Western legal systems into ruling that, in the body politic, corporations (which need to be guided by the financial-centred emphasis of capitalist doctrine) are, and must be accommodated and treated as persons,

One result on the type of future which becomes accessible to us is that, in Western societies, service to humans (as compared to services that are used by humans), is not an economic management priority. As a result, in these capitalist-dominated societies, the prevailing programs of formal and informal education and socialization, are not structured to promote in people, or to lead them to initiatives, in behalf of fostering the type of future where enhancement in the quality-of-living of humans is the result.

Instead, these education and socialization programs, are currently conditioning members of the society be embroiled in grasping at a future which they expect to inherit, as a result of their success in securing financial gain for themselves, (that they may then use in trade, to purchase “trinkets”).

The promoters of the capitalist doctrine have therefore so far been able to misguide humans into also accepting and using the level of financial-equivalent profit/gain (that will be privately accessible to them), as the “scientific” measurement of the economic success of their efforts. Yet, without a doubt, if we (as humans) want to grasp a future which will enable us to live lives that are meaningful, we will need to use a less financially-centred measurement of economic performance, to appraise the effectiveness of our effort and resource management initiatives.

Adam Smith(1759), Alfred Marshall (1890), and John Lamb Lash(2006), have provided windows on the revisions in effort management appraisals that we need to arrive at a human-centred appraisal of economic performance, it is Carby-Samuels (2007) that provides an empirical basis for a new time-use-centred approach to how we measure the effectiveness of economic choices.

Substantively, our the type of future which we will inherit is always at stake when we make selections of time and effort commitment. Therefore, the emphasis on our use of financial measurement, that has been processed through results from market exchange, (that capitalist doctrine promotes as the best “scientific” basis that we (as humans) should use to measure the effectiveness of our effort and resource commitments), is a cleverly destructive mental virus.

In the process, the overall tactic of this hostile predatory alien consciousness that is behind the capitalist doctrine, (and that appears to be currently directing human society on planet earth) is, to (a) Entrench itself directly, and also via surrogates into political and religious, military, and social hierarchy; (b) Promote greed; and (c)Implant, via capitalist doctrine, a virus-like mechanical emphasis on the use of financial results, into our mind and into our system of judgement about how successful our efforts and time commitments have been.

As a result, the prevailing hostile alien consciousness conditions persons to debunk the importance of mutuality and empathy; and to instead, focus their efforts on initiatives which will (directly or indirectly) lead them to secure selfish and self-centred financial-equivalent gain.

Thereby, capitalist socialization also essentially conditions people to be oblivious of, or to be indifferent to the communal impacts of their private economic choices. As a result, in the mass communications media (radio, television, newspapers and magazines) in our societies, the proliferation of so called “reports on business”, operates as a “sales job” to reinforce the conditioning of the populace into reinforcing a society that gives priority to the financial emphasis on what prevails.

In our prevailing society, there is therefore no current aim to eradicate our addiction to this implanted mental virus of a financial emphasis, (which leads us as if we were merely conveniently created structural entities — like the banks and the corporations), into an overwhelming concentration on measuring. and on ranking the outcomes from our efforts, in terms of net (expected) forthcoming financial-equivalent benefits.

However, it is the versatility of money (as an instrument in trade and exchange), that has made it easy for the alien-sponsored capitalist economic management doctrine, to cleverly reinforce its conditioning of people, into a financial emphasis on how they judge current and expected future outcomes.

That versatility of money, together with the cultivation of greed, enables the alien consciousness that is behind capitalist doctrine, to lead or to bamboozle humans, into failing to recognize that that they had initially been programmed to follow a sentience path that will promote the execution of mutuality and empathy, that leads to an enhanced sense of being.

In contrast, by promoting the versatility that access to money yields, (as an instrument in trade), the invading hostile predatory alien consciousness that is behind capitalist doctrine, controls the reins of day to day operations of humans. In particular, in its efforts to herd humans on earth (like sheep), into a future that involves their own existential destruction, the capitalism-promoting alien consciousness, is able to achieve a success strategy in behalf our destruction, by using the encouragement of greed and selfishness.

To date, people have been conditioned to be essentially oblivious of, and to be also indifferent to how their measurement of economic management performance in financial terms, puts them on a road to the destruction of what it means to survive as humans.

As a result, the members of the human community end up neglecting to raise any alarm, about how the prevailing emphasis on financial measurement of economic performance, is being used as a device of infinite stealth, toward executing the long-term destruction of human values and Consciousness capabilities.

However as prevailing human communities (on planet earth) set out to structure and to plan a future, while at the same time relying on market prices to rank and to guide the selection of programs to which resources should be committed, puzzles arise regarding what the aggregate data say. In particular, analysts face these difficulties in interpretation when they have been unable to include the living-centred dimension to the features of economic output.

These presence and many of the interpretational difficulties are revealed in the excellent paper, Paul Krugman (2010); “The Rise and Fall of the GDP”, link.

Although this Krugman piece is only intended to be reportive, as a background to inform policy and program formation, regarding how we grasp a future, it essentially ends up spinning its wheels, That is because like a good capitalist reporter, the author was caught up in an essentially myopic allegiance to the financial-centred roots of capitalist doctrine.

This Western economist, could not bring himself to recognize that in the delivery of any future, where the priority is, on the delivered quality-of-human-living (rather than on the balance sheet of the corporations and the banks), there are attainments in the real economy, (outside of GDP validation), that development managers need to emphasize.

For example, we will need to come to grips with resolving the extent to which our economic management priority will be that of promoting our information-guided evolution, and thence, human Consciousness.

Structuring the Future Which we Plan to Inherit

As at this minute, we each as normal, sane, and sentient (biological) human beings, are gifted with the bestowal of time for living. How long we will have it is uncertain. However, if we want to contribute the type of survival which would fulfil our biological programming, toward the exercise of mutuality and empathy, we therefore want to arrive at quality-of-life enhancement, and also at the enhanced meaningfulness in our lives that accompanies Human Development.

How we commit our efforts and time will therefore be critical. Indeed, as far as going about our lives and securing a preferred type of future is concerned, even though will need collegial help; in the achievement of that result, nobody else but our informed and Conscious selves, is in the driver’s seat.

Yet, under the influence of the money-centred capitalist doctrine (which the invading hostile alien consciousness has so far led us to adopt), our efforts are usually being directed at promoting the enhancement of financial results. However these efforts should preferably be aimed at achieving the sort of more informed union with our natural environment, that will lead us toward opportunities for quality-of life enhancement.

If we take systematic steps to practice mutuality and empathy, we will then be in a position to harness the efforts of those minds that will lead us away from the affliction of the capitalist financial-centred virus.

In addition, we need to aim at securing personal meaningfulness in our lives. Therefore, we need to give due recognition to the sentience and to the disposition to empathy and to mutuality, that are the foundation of our biological programming. As a result, we need to begin to aim to acquire information about our reality, with the intent to enhance our Consciousness. These are the initiatives that will enable our efforts to foster sustained patterns of human survival.

Our formal and informal programs of education and socialization in behalf of economic activity, must therefore begin to educate persons about the wisdom of executing patterns of mutuality and empathy (with each other and also with our natural environment).

This means that, although we have so far been intellectually herded by the promoters of the capitalist doctrine, we need to begin to reduce and to remove our tendency for money-centred inter-personal exploitation. Additionally, we also need to begin to cease tolerating and executing the destruction of the natural environment (on which we depend for information about our material reality, (and also for our mind-guided survival).

To grasp a future which would foster our a long term survival (as humans), there are also some ambient facts regarding our latent biological programming as humans, which we may not overlook. For example, we need to remain mindful of the latent impact of our biological programming, which impels us with the option to grasp a future which is centred on the enhancement of our quality-of-living.

We therefore definitely need to change/reorient our effort and our economic management commitments. In addition, we need to muster the will to be positive instruments in behalf of human survival. That means that we must cease our passive acceptance of the current capitalist strategy in which it uses our focus on financial results and on financial-equivalent gain, as the hook, that will lead us to overlook how our material survival will be affected. We must prevent ourselves from being absorbed (as mental slaves) into what a prevailing predatory alien consciousness plans for us.

We can win the fight for our survival, because, humans are not merely mechanical instruments, that may be conditioned into a concentration on pursuing financial-equivalent results. It is opportunities to use time, which we succeed in securing, that will comprise prevailing economic management results.

To therefore arrive at a creditable future as humans, our economic management must now be directed at fostering preferred patterns of time-use commitment which we will be respectively able to execute.

 We must aim at achieving/realizing patterns of time commitments that will enhance the meaningfulness which we respectively deduce from our opportunities to live. Indeed, we must begin to see our effort and time commitments as being primarily exercises in living, rather than as being primarily exercises in the securing of financial-equivalent gain.

We will therefore need to focus on executing patterns of time and effort commitments that represent personal management initiatives, toward the delivery of a future where the priority targets are enhanced quality-of-living and meaningfulness to our lives.

For starters, in our respective societies we must aim to access more verifiable information, particularly about how our (autonomously evolving) natural environment works. We will then be better able to deliver outcomes, which will foster human survival that is also information-guided.

Consider that, a society is a system of socialization. It has/executes responsibilities in education, and also in the inter generational transference of information. For example, to achieve human-centred rather than financial-centred societal evolution, that information transfer will need to impress on members of the society that, to achieve enhanced Consciousness, they will also need to execute empathy, and mutuality, with each other, as well as with their prevailing natural environment (and its autonomous laws of evolution).

Accordingly, a society that invests available resources in acquiring and disseminating among its members, information about their natural environment and how it works, will enable these members to orient their efforts toward the evolution of the understanding, that accompanies the evolution of Consciousness.

Meanwhile, the “bottom line” survival-centred fact is that, we need to grasp a future that fulfils the heritage in our biological evolutionary programming, as sentient entities that are linked to, and that have the option to be guided by the existential phenomena of mind.

That is why, we must not allow the socialization by the alien-promoted capitalist doctrine, to addle our brains, into an emphasis on financial results.

Instead, towards the enhancement of our Consciousness, (into which the Gnostics had also invited us), we need to look upon our selections of how and where we commit our time, and understand that they represent how we are portraying our survival-centred responsibility.

Notwithstanding the perceptions and the understandings that capitalist economists have been leading us to hold, the selections of effort and resource commitment which humans make, are not merely activities in behalf of acquiring more financial-equivalent gain. Rather, these selections have living-related substance. They also convey messages, and deliver living-related impacts.

We need to begin to place a survival-centred existential context on our selections of how and where we commit our efforts. That is, these selections embody (or represent) respective exercises in which the particular human (as compared to corporate) selector, aims to generate results with the intent to impact on the existential evolutionary course, that has been built into our biological programming.

The promoters of the capitalist doctrine, must not be allowed to use their mechanistically-centred concentration on financial-equivalent gain, to distract us. Our aim must be to promote our potential for Human Development which will emerge, when (in conjunction with the exercise of empathy and mutuality), we use our acquired knowledge of our natural environment to guide us into framing the path of existence at which we aspire.

When we use our acquired information about our prevailing natural environment, to establish harmony with it, the reward is considerable. We will be approaching gaining the potential to access an awesome prospect . It is an enhanced human potential for our joining in the existential expression of the reality of prevailing mind,

In short, to grasp a survival-centred future, rather than fall into the destruction of our Consciousness as human entities, (toward which capitalist doctrine with its focus on financial priorities is pushing us), we need, to begin acquire effective knowledge of our natural environment, and to also execute an empathetic mutuality with it, as well as with our cohorts.

However, it happens that in the capitalist-dominated mass societies in which we live, persons are obligated to find strategies to acquire money if they aim to access the material wherewithal for their survival. Therefore, were it not for the presence of our latent survival-centred biological programming, (which leads humans to focus on living, as the management of how they commit their time), to now ask humans, to begin to focus on the achievement of Human Development as an alternative to the capitalist economic management target, would be “a tough sell”.

At the same time, it is true that in the complex societies which people have formed, division of labour leads respective persons to offer their skills on the market, so as to earn money, (which they will use to acquire the products for which they will make trades.

Yet, that does not mean that the living which people do, is all about chasing after, or gaining access to more money, which they may then spend in trade.

Under the influence of their latent awareness of the presence of the real economy, the Consciousness of people also leads them to normally seek access to a high quality-of-living. Furthermore achieving that outcome, involves more than the access of persons to traded items.

For example, people are sentient beings. They do not want to construe or to feel that their lives are meaningless. As a result, (even though the capitalist economy may have executed substantive steps to brutalize them), people, respectively, like to see themselves as an important part of the productive outcomes which arise in their environment.

Accordingly, in spite of the emphasis on selfishness that capitalist doctrine promotes, normal, adjusted, rational humans (as their biological programming evolves), want to grasp a particular type of living-centred future. They respectively want to see themselves as sharing empathetically with(in) the remainder of an operating environment, (as a totality). The result is that under the impetus of the evolution of their biological programming, when humans pursue a future, they respectively also want to acquire and to experience meaningfulness in their existence.

Normal humans therefore do not merely aspire to a future whose substance and context is either indicated in, or is represented by the quantity of purchasing power which they will be able to secure (and to bequeath to their heirs or to their allegiance group).

Accordingly, toward grasping a preferred sought future, management priorities must be set. Accordingly, it will be necessary for us, in our societies, to decide the extent to which our management priority will be to facilitate enhancement of the living-centred opportunities of persons to use their time, (as compared to the promotion of selfishness, greed and financial exploitation).

There are therefore a few issues with which a society and its members, must come to grips, if enhanced quality-of-living and Human Development is the economic development outcome at which they aim.

These issues include (a) New decisions, regarding access to ownership of the of the scarce non renewable natural resources of the society; (b) New decisions, regarding the structure and the content of prevailing systems/programs of formal and informal education and socialization; (c) New decisions, regarding the capital and the deposit reserve structure, and also the rules within which its system of commercial banking operates; and (d) New decisions, regarding the extent to which citizens will require the development programming of their governments to aim to foster meaningfulness in the lives of persons, rather than to foster the financial growth achievements that the corporations and the commercial banks need.